[15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. [10][258] During this period, he remained in contact with war veterans, and he was an active member of various social and charitable organizations. [266] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. [243][244] During this time, Sherman also reorganized the U.S. Army forts to better accommodate the shifting frontier. Some of us called upon him immediately upon his arrival, and it is probable he would not meet the Secretary [Stanton] with more courtesy than he met us. William was born in 1865. Background The sixth of the eleven children of Charles Robert and Mary Hoyt Sherman, upon the death of his father in 1829 he went to live with the Thomas Ewings, a prominent Ohio family. Sherman excelled academically at West Point, but he treated the demerit system with indifference. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? [114][115], Ordered to relieve the Union forces besieged in the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Sherman departed from Memphis on October 11, 1863, aboard a train bound for Chattanooga. In May 1865, after the major Confederate armies had surrendered, Sherman wrote in a personal letter: I confess, without shame, I am sick and tired of fightingits glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands and fathers tis only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. [40] Even though he earned a brevet promotion to captain in 1848 for his "meritorious service", his lack of combat experience and relatively slow advancement within the army discouraged him. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. Harrison, in a message to the Senate and the House of Representatives, wrote that: He was an ideal soldier, and shared to the fullest the esprit de corps of the army, but he cherished the civil institutions organized under the Constitution, and was only a soldier that these might be perpetuated in undiminished usefulness and honor. Then, as now, neatness in dress and form, with a strict conformity to the rules, were the qualifications required for office, and I suppose I was found not to excel in any of these. Sherman took command of the infantrymen in the local Union garrison and successfully repelled the Confederate attack. Four or more generations of descendants of William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) if they are properly linked: 1. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. [104][105] Arkansas Post was taken by the Union army and navy on January 11, 1863. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. Sherman's efforts in that position were focused on protecting the main wagon roads, such as the Oregon, Bozeman and Santa Fe Trails. Republican Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain appealed to President Grant for military assistance. [194], Liddell Hart credited Sherman with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known as the "indirect approach". [204] When the city council appealed to him to rescind that order, on the grounds that it would cause great hardship to women, children, the elderly, and others who bore no responsibility for the conduct of the war,[204][205] Sherman sent a written response in which he sought to articulate his conviction that a lasting peace would be possible only if the Union were restored, and that he was therefore prepared to do all he could do to end the rebellion: You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument is an equestrian statue of American Civil War Major General William Tecumseh Sherman located in Sherman Plaza, which is part of President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.The selection of an artist in 1896 to design the monument was highly controversial. [35][36] Sherman unwittingly helped to launch the California Gold Rush by drafting the official documents in which Governor Mason confirmed that gold had been discovered in the region. According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". Since that time he has not been a communicant of any church. According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. [278], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[279] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. "[219] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires. Joseph E. Johnston, the Confederate officer who had commanded the resistance to Sherman's troops in Georgia and the Carolinas, served as a pallbearer in New York City. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. [209] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. [69][70], After the April 1213 bombardment of Fort Sumter and its subsequent capture by the Confederacy, Sherman hesitated about committing to military service. [175] According to Sherman, My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. [277] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. He married Mary Elizabeth Berry on 15 October 1899, in Greenwood, Kansas, United States. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 21 August 1874, in St Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, his father, Daniel M Sherman, was 55 and his mother, Mary Ann Post, was 24. [13], Sherman's older brother Charles Taylor Sherman became a federal judge. [72] On June 3, he wrote in a letter to his brother-in-law: "I still think it is to be a long warvery longmuch longer than any Politician thinks. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. William Tecumseh Sherman Print Family Tree General Born 8 February 1820 - Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH Deceased 14 February 1891 - New York, NY,aged 71 years old Buried - Calvary Cem., St. Louis, MO 1 file available Parents Charles Robert Sherman, Judge 1788-1829 Mary Hoyt 1787-1852 Spouses [196][197][f] Another World War II-era student of Liddell Hart's writings on Sherman was General George S. Patton,[198] who "spent a long vacation studying Sherman's campaigns on the ground in Georgia and the Carolinas, with the aid of [Liddell Hart's] book" and later "carried out his [bold] plans, in super-Sherman style". [207][208] Though exact figures are not available, the loss of civilian life appears to have been very small. [296] Former U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara refers equivocally to the statement that "war is cruelty and you cannot refine it" in both the book Wilson's Ghost[297] and in his interview for the documentary film The Fog of War (2003). [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. The assassination of Lincoln had caused the political climate in Washington to turn against the prospect of a rapid reconciliation with the defeated Confederates and the Johnson administration rejected Sherman's terms. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. William Tecumseh Sherman family tree Parents James Edgar Sherman 1839 - 1919 Joanna Williams 1836 - 1899 Spouse (s) Margaret E . [74] It was one of the four brigades in the division commanded by General Daniel Tyler, which was in turn one of the five divisions in the Army of Northeastern Virginia under General Irvin McDowell (see First Bull Run Union order of battle). "[78], The outcome at Bull Run caused Sherman to question his own judgment as an officer and the capabilities of his volunteer troops. [107] Sherman initially expressed reservations about the wisdom of these plans, but he soon submitted to Grant's leadership and the campaign in the spring of 1863 cemented Sherman's personal ties to Grant. [225] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. Sherman's subsequent march through Georgia and the Carolinas involved little fighting but large-scale destruction of cotton plantations and other infrastructure, a systematic policy intended to undermine the ability and willingness of the Confederacy to continue fighting. [304] Saint-Gaudens's Bust of William Tecumseh Sherman, which he used as the basis for the larger Memorial, is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 3 daughters. According to Holden-Reid, Sherman finally "had cut his teeth as an army commander" with the Jackson Expedition. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. [235] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Afterwards the rank of Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864-1866; Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866-1869. He led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas (1864-65). [230] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. This appears to have been a consequence of the animosity felt by Union soldiers and officers for the state that they regarded as the "cockpit of secession". Louis. "[275] In letters written in 1865 to Thomas, his eldest surviving son, General Sherman said "I don't want you to be a soldier or a priest, but a good useful man",[276] and complained that Thomas's mother Ellen "thinks religion is so important that everything else must give way to it". Spouse 1: Martha Rosa Taylor 1868-1899 K4P2-1WH Marriage: 17 September 1887 at Tate, Pickens, Georgia, United States Children of Martha Rosa Taylor and William Sherman Tecumseh Cagle: Joseph Benson Cagle 1893-1966 . [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio as William Tecumseh Sherman into a family of eleven. According to Sherman, the trek across the Lumber River, and through the swamps, pocosins, and creeks of Robeson County was "the damnedest marching I ever saw". "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. A bill was introduced in Congress to promote Sherman to Grant's rank of lieutenant general, probably with a view towards having him replace Grant as commander of the Union Army. [81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. He was the son of John Cagle and Mary Owen. He lived in Harvey Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas, United . [136][137] Sherman left forces under Maj. Gens. [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. Born in Ohio into a politically prominent family, Sherman graduated in 1840 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. [133] According to Holden-Reid, "Sherman did more than any other man apart from the president in creating [the] climate of opinion" that afforded Lincoln a comfortable victory over McClellan at the polls. "[293] Following Walters, James Reston Jr. argued in 1984 that Sherman had planted the "seed for the Agent Orange and Agent Blue programs of food deprivation in Vietnam". The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman is still in progress. [158] After returning to Goldsboro, Sherman marched with his troops to the state capital, Raleigh, where Sherman sought to communicate with Johnston's army regarding possible terms for ending the war. Sherman, beset by hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky. I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and early success. "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. [174] Sherman rejected this, arguing that it would have delayed the "successful end" of the war and the "[liberation of] all slaves". The site was chosen because Sherman was reported to have stood there while reviewing returning Civil War troops in May 1865. "[283][284], "Since the public mind has settled to the conclusion that the institution of slavery was so interwoven in our system that nothing but the interposition of Providence and horrid war could have eradicated it, and now that it is in the distant past, and that we as a nation, North and South, East and West, are the better for it, we believe that the war was worth to us all it cost in life and treasure." [122] However, he enjoyed Grant's confidence and friendship. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. [93] At Shiloh, Sherman was wounded twicein the hand and shoulderand had three horses shot out from under him. In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". As William Tecumseh Sherman ( 1820-1891 ) if they are properly linked: 1 the. 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